Jae Young Kwon and Hodan Omaar, “U.S.-ROK Collaboration to Advance Quantum Technology and Industry,” in NBR Special Report 117, U.S.-ROK Tech Cooperation: Batteries, Biotech, and Quantum Technologies, edited by Jungmi Cha and Doug Strub (Seattle, Washington: The National Bureau of Asian Research, March 2025).

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Executive Summary

Main Argument

In the first section, Jae Young Kwon introduces South Korea’s efforts to foster quantum technology, including policies, investment, and legislation, and also examines the country’s ecosystem for developing quantum technology. The early development stage and the interdisciplinary nature of quantum technology provide opportunities for cooperation to advance innovation. However, as quantum technology is expected to be critical for national security, international cooperation should be carried out strategically. Given the long history of cooperation between the U.S. and South Korea in various sectors, including defense as well as science and technology, U.S.-ROK cooperation in quantum technology will play an important role in advancing innovation and also strengthening national security. In the second section, Hodan Omaar examines the strengths and blind spots in U.S. leadership in quantum technology. Decades of investment and world-class research have put the U.S. at the forefront, particularly in quantum computing, but a fragmented approach and limited focus on sensing and communication create strategic gaps. While private-sector funding remains strong, recent declines highlight the risks of an uncoordinated strategy. Collaboration with the ROK could help strengthen supply chains, accelerate commercialization, and bolster U.S. leadership in an increasingly competitive global landscape.

Policy Implications

• Quantum technology is one of the most promising future technologies for both achieving economic prosperity and strengthening national security and will therefore have a significant impact on global competition.
• Cooperation between like-minded countries is critical for securing leadership in quantum technology. With the U.S.-ROK partnership as a foundation, cooperation in R&D and workforce exchange will contribute to advancing quantum technology more rapidly.
• Multilateral and bilateral cooperation will be critical for developing a healthy global quantum ecosystem. Increased U.S. and ROK cooperation with other like-minded countries can make export controls and international standards and regulations more effective.

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