ICT is a crucial driver of economic growth. This has made ICT R&D vital to sustaining ICT as an engine of global growth. Although the US still performs the most ICT R&D globally, competition has intensified as US ICT R&D investment as a percentage of GDP has fallen noticeably — and has been surpassed by competitors — in the past decade.  In this IEEE journal article ITIF senior analyst Stephen Ezell and research analyst Scott Andes map the decline of U.S. leadership in ICT R&D.